Apkoppor: Så sprids viruset och hur du kan minska risken

QX Apkoppor: What You Need to Know About the New Virus Spreading Among MSM

If you are a man who has sex with men (MSM), you may have heard about a new virus called apkoppor that is causing concern in Europe and North America. But what is apkoppor, how does it spread, and how can you protect yourself from it? In this article, we will answer these questions and more, based on the latest information from reliable sources.

Introduction

What is apkoppor and why is it called that?

Apkoppor is the Swedish name for a viral infection that is also known as monkeypox or MPOX. The name apkoppor comes from the Swedish word for monkey, "apa", and the word for pox, "koppor". The name monkeypox was given to the virus when it was first discovered in 1958 in monkeys in Africa. However, some people have criticized the name as stigmatizing and racist, as it implies a link between Africa and monkeys. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recently announced that the official name for the virus and the disease will be MPOX.

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How does it spread and what are the symptoms?

MPOX is a zoonotic disease, which means that it can be transmitted from animals to humans. The main animal reservoirs for MPOX are rodents, such as squirrels and rats. Humans can get infected by direct contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids, or by eating their meat. However, human-to-human transmission is also possible through respiratory droplets, skin contact, or sexual contact. MPOX can also be transmitted through blood transfusions or organ transplants from infected donors.

The symptoms of MPOX usually appear within two weeks after exposure to the virus. They include fever, headache, muscle ache, swollen lymph nodes, and a rash that develops into fluid-filled blisters. The rash typically starts on the face and then spreads to other parts of the body. The blisters can be very painful and may leave scars after they heal. In some cases, MPOX can cause serious complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, or sepsis. The mortality rate of MPOX is estimated to be between 1% and 10%, depending on the strain of the virus and the quality of health care.

How common is it and where has it been reported?

MPOX is endemic in some parts of Central and West Africa, where sporadic outbreaks have occurred since the 1970s. However, in recent years, MPOX has emerged in other regions of the world as well. In 2003, an outbreak of MPOX occurred in the United States among people who had contact with pet prairie dogs that were infected by imported African rodents. In 2018, three cases of MPOX were reported in the United Kingdom among people who had traveled to Nigeria. In 2020 - In 2020, a large outbreak of MPOX occurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo, affecting more than 4,000 people and killing over 200. In 2021, the first case of MPOX in Europe was reported in Sweden, among a man who had sex with another man who had traveled to Nigeria. Since then, several other cases of MPOX have been confirmed among MSM in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Germany, France, and the Netherlands. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has issued a warning that MPOX poses a serious threat to the health of MSM in Europe and beyond.

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Prevention and Treatment

How can you protect yourself from apkoppor?

The best way to prevent MPOX is to avoid contact with infected animals or people. If you live in or travel to areas where MPOX is endemic or where outbreaks are occurring, you should follow these precautions:

• Avoid contact with wild or domestic rodents or their droppings.

• Do not eat bushmeat or handle raw meat from animals that may be infected.

• Wear gloves and protective clothing when handling sick or dead animals.

• Wash your hands frequently with soap and water or use alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

• Avoid close contact with people who have MPOX symptoms or who have been exposed to the virus.

• If you have MPOX symptoms, seek medical attention as soon as possible and isolate yourself from others.

If you are a MSM, you should also take these additional steps to reduce your risk of MPOX:

• Use condoms and lubricants consistently and correctly during sex.

• Avoid sharing sex toys, needles, or other items that may come into contact with blood or body fluids.

• Get tested regularly for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and treat them if needed.

• Inform your sexual partners if you have MPOX symptoms or if you have been exposed to the virus.

• Limit your number of sexual partners and avoid casual sex with strangers.

Is there a vaccine or a cure for apkoppor?

There is no specific vaccine or cure for MPOX. However, there are some treatments that can help reduce the severity and duration of the symptoms and prevent complications. These include:

• Antiviral drugs, such as cidofovir or brincidofovir, which can inhibit the replication of the virus. These drugs are not widely available and may have serious side effects. They are usually reserved for severe cases or high-risk groups.

• Antibiotics, which can prevent or treat secondary bacterial infections that may occur due to the skin lesions or other complications of MPOX.

• Painkillers, antihistamines, and anti-inflammatory drugs, which can relieve pain, itching, and inflammation caused by the rash and blisters.

• Fluids and electrolytes, which can prevent dehydration and restore the balance of minerals in the body.

• Ointments and dressings, which can protect the skin from infection and promote healing.

The smallpox vaccine, which is no longer routinely used in most countries, may also provide some protection against MPOX. However, the vaccine is not recommended for everyone, as it may cause serious adverse reactions in some people. The vaccine is only given to people who are at high risk of exposure to MPOX, such as health care workers, laboratory staff, military personnel, or travelers to endemic areas.

What should you do if you think you have apkoppor?

If you think you have MPOX or if you have been exposed to someone who has it, you should do the following:

• Contact your health care provider as soon as possible and inform them about your symptoms and exposure history. They will advise you on what to do next and where to get tested and treated.

• Stay at home and isolate yourself from others until you are cleared by your health care provider. This will help prevent the spread of the virus to others.

• Cover your mouth and nose with a mask or a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Dispose of the used mask or tissue in a sealed plastic bag.

• Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands. Wash your hands frequently with soap and water or use alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

• Clean and disinfect any surfaces or objects that may be contaminated with the virus. Use - Use bleach or alcohol-based solutions to disinfect the surfaces or objects. Wear gloves and protective clothing when cleaning and disinfecting.

• Wash your clothes, bedding, and towels with hot water and detergent. Dry them thoroughly in a dryer or in the sun.

• Monitor your symptoms and follow the instructions of your health care provider. Seek emergency medical attention if you develop severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, or seizures.

Impact and Challenges

How does apkoppor affect the health and well-being of MSM?

MPOX can have a significant impact on the health and well-being of MSM. Besides the physical effects of the disease, such as pain, scarring, and complications, MPOX can also cause emotional distress, stigma, and discrimination. Some of the challenges that MSM may face due to MPOX are:

• Fear of infection or transmission. MSM may be afraid of getting infected with MPOX or passing it on to their partners. This may affect their sexual behavior, their self-esteem, and their mental health.

• Lack of information and awareness. MSM may not have enough information or awareness about MPOX, its causes, its symptoms, its prevention, and its treatment. This may lead to misconceptions, myths, or rumors about the disease.

Lack of access to health care and support